Their claims and practices of solidarity were aimed at halting ?civic death? and maximizing the ?right to life.? AIDS activists strategically activated the new legal mechanisms that the democratic constitution had put into place and made AIDS ?a socially recognizable need.? īiehl?s term ?civic death,? in this case, refers to the social process by which stigma and prejudice are severely detrimental to an individual?s ability to live healthily and normally through mechanisms such as ruining employment opportunities or the ability to find housing. Brazilian medical anthropologist João Biehl explains:ĪIDS and gay activists framed their needs and claims as universal human rights, their actions as those of civil society at large. Many of these movements? agendas and organizations, particularly those in support of gay rights, resembled and cooperated with the efforts of AIDS activists. In addition to the historical activism of the sanitaristas, other social movements such as those supporting feminist, gay, and black causes were among the many groups firmly advocating for political transformation. This notion of health as a human right would serve as the basis for later HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention measures.Ī Rights Based Approach to HIV/AIDS Treatment Their efforts culminated in the legal definition of health as a universal, human right as established by the 1988 Constitution and the creation of a Unified Health System (SUS), which offers public health services and insurance to all citizens. The lack of effective medical care during the dictatorship only strengthened the movement?s political momentum in the 1970s and 1980s. The sanitaristas essentially supported an approach to medicine that emphasized the social determinants of health such as poverty and access to education.
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One such movement, the sanitary health reform movement, was a group of primarily leftist, middle class health professionals that sought equal access to health services for all Brazilian citizens. Various social movements protesting the regime at the time had a strong influence in the establishment of a legal framework for health care that would set a precedent for AIDS policy. The transition from a military regime to a democratic state in the 1980s occurred in tandem with the initial outbreak of the disease and had a profound impact on the subsequent governmental response. Ultimately, in the creation of a robust response to HIV/AIDS, Brazil and the National AIDS Program (NAP) in particular have increasingly utilized a rights-based approach to disease prevention and treatment. While the disease was initially considered a severe threat to national health and remained subject to intense stigma and discrimination, Brazil today is heralded as a model of a successful response to the epidemic, particularly for countries of low- and middle-income status.
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The abertura, as well as other underlying sociopolitical and economic changes of the time, would profoundly affect not only the spread and migratory pathways of HIV/AIDS but also the overall national response to the epidemic. This process of transformation, known as the ?abertura?, opened government and political institutions to democratic procedures. When the first case of HIV/AIDS was reported in Brazil in 1982, the country was in the midst of a transition from a repressive military dictatorship to a democratic nation.
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Use sempre a camisinha” (Life is better without AIDS. The health ministry launched a national campaign for AIDS prevention at Carnaval in 2013 with the slogan “A vida é melhor sem aids.